1.表示原因：因为 because, as, since, in that, because of = be responsible for = due to = owing to = thanks to 2.表示结果：所以 so（不许用） = hence = therefore = thereby = consequently = in consequence = as a result / consequence = thus 3.表示并列：并且 and likewise = similarly = equally = simultaneously = at the same time = in the meanwhile 4.表示转折：但是，然而 but, by contrast = conversely = alternatively = on the contrary = on the other hand = otherwise = while = whereas 5.表示递进：还，换句话说 besides = also = in addition = moreover = furthermore = apart / aside from this = to put it another way = in other words 6.表示引出新对象： ① about(不许用) = concerning = regarding = with regard to = as for 关于 ② in terms of 就……而论，在……方面 ③ when it comes to 当提到……时 7.表示总结： ① on the whole = all in all（不许背） = overall = in conclusion / summary / general = generally(speaking) = as a whole = mainly = substantially = to sum up = conclude = come to the conclusion 总的来说 ② in short / brief = in a word 简而言之 ③ in any case = at any rate = anyway 总而言之，无论如何